Abstract
Writers of narrative literary journalism are not often aware of the reasons why they write the way they do, and they usually leave critical theory outside the door of their writing space. In this essay, a writer and scholar examines critical reasons why he made choices he did as author of the award-winning book Seasons of a Finger Lakes Winery. The essay has two parts. The first part explores how narrative literary journalism attempts to narrow the distance between the subjectivities of author, reader and protagonists when compared to more conventional models of “objective” journalism. The result is hopefully a heightened degree of psychological transport on the part of the reader because of an increased cognitive response to the perception that the account is about phenomenal actuality, and the influence of the mirror neuron in mimicking that actuality. The second part exams narrative efforts in Seasons of a Finger Lakes Winery to reveal the mystique behind wine, including its science, art, and what the author describes as mystification resulting from the metaphorical “bullshit” created by the wine snob.Os escritores do jornalismo literário narrativo nem sempre têm consciência das razões por que escolhem uma forma escrita, e geralmente deixam teorizações de fora de seu espaço de escrita. Neste ensaio, um escritor e acadêmico examina as razões críticas pelas quais fez escolhas como autor do livro premiado Seasons of a Finger Lakes Winery. O ensaio tem duas partes. A primeira explora como o jornalismo literário narrativo tenta estreitar a distância entre as subjetividades do autor, leitor e protagonistas quando comparado aos modelos mais convencionais de jornalismo “objetivo”. O resultado é – assim esperamos – um grau elevado de transporte psicológico por parte do leitor, devido a uma resposta cognitiva expandida à percepção de que o relato trata da realidade dos fenômenos e à influência do neurônio-espelho em mimetizar essa realidade. A segunda parte examina os esforços narrativos em Seasons of the Finger Lakes Winery para revelar a mística por trás do vinho, incluindo sua ciência, arte e aquilo que o autor descreve como uma mistificação resultante da “lorota” metafórica criada pelos “esnobes do vinho”.
Los escritores de periodismo literario narrativo no suelen ser conscientes de las razones por las que elegen sus maneras de escribir, y en general dejan las teorías fuera de su espacio de escritura. En este ensayo, un escritor y investigador examina las razones críticas por las que tomó decisiones como autor del galardonado libro Seasons of a Finger Lakes Winery. El ensayo estructurase en dos partes. La primera explora cómo el periodismo literario narrativo intenta reducir la distancia entre las subjetividades del autor, el lector y los protagonistas en comparación con los modelos más convencionales del periodismo "objetivo". El resultado – así lo esperamos – es un mayor grado de transporte psicológico por parte del lector debido a una mejor respuesta cognitiva a la percepción de que la historia describe la realidad de los fenomenos, bien como a la influencia de la neurona espejo para imitar esa realidad. La segunda parte examina los esfuerzos narrativos en Seasons of a Finger Lakes Winery para revelar la mística detrás del vino, incluida su ciencia, el arte y aquello que el autor describe como la mistificación resultante del "disparate" metafórico creado por el snob del vino.
References
Berger, J. (1982). Another way of telling. New York: Pantheon.
Boyd, B. (2009). On the origin of stories: Evolution, cognition, and fiction. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Connery, T. B. (1990). A third way to tell the story. In N. Sims (Ed.) Literary journalism in the twentieth century (pp. 3-20). New York: Oxford University Press.
Dear, P. (1995). Discipline and experience: The mathematical way in the scientific revolution. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. DOI: 10.7208/chicago/9780226139524.001.0001
Fedler, F. (1993). Reporting for the print media. 5th ed. New York: Harcourt.
Ferrari, P. F., & Rizzolatti, G. (2014). Mirror neuron research: The past and the future. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 369 (1639). DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2013.0169
Garcia Marquez, G. (1970). One hundred years of solitude. Trans. G. Rabassa. New York: Harper & Row.
Genette, G. (1982). Figures of literary discourse. Trans. A. Sheridan. New York: Columbia University Press.
Gerrig, R. J. (1993). Experiencing narrative worlds: on the psychological activities of reading. New Haven: Yale University Press. DOI: 10.4324/9780429500633
Graesser, A. C., Olde, B., & Klettke, B. (2002). How does the mind construct and represent stories? In T. C. Brock, J. J. Strange, & M. C. Green (Eds.) Narrative impact: Social and cognitive foundations (pp. 229-262). New York: Psychology Press.
Green, M. C. (2004). Transportation into narrative worlds: the role of prior knowledge and perceived realism. Discourse Processes 38 (2), pp. 247-266. DOI: 10.1207/s15326950dp3802_5
Hartsock, J. C. (2000). A history of American literary journalism: The emergence of a modern narrative form. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press.
Hartsock, J. C. (2011). Seasons of a Finger Lakes winery. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. DOI: 10.7591/9780801460753
Hartsock, J. C. (2016). Literary journalism and the aesthetics of experience. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
Hartsock, J. C. (2019, forthcoming). Exploring the referentiality of narrative literary journalism. In W. Dow & R. Maguire Routledge (Eds.) Routledge companion to American literary journalism. New York: Routledge.
Hellmann, J. (1981). Fables of fact: The new journalism as fables of fact. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
Jünger, E. (1929/1975). The storm of steel: From the diary of a German storm-troop officer on the Western Front. Trans. B. Creighton. New York: Howard Fertig.
Kierkegaard, S. (1846/1971). The present age. In W. H. Auden (Ed.) The living thoughts of Kierkegaard (pp. 31-55.) Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
Latour, B. (1987). Science in action: How to follow scientists and engineers through society. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Leddy, T. (2005). The nature of everyday aesthetics. In A. Light & J. M. Smith (Eds.) The aesthetics of everyday life (pp. 3-22) New York: Columbia University Press.
Macdonald, D. (1974). Parajournalism, or Tom Wolfe and his magic writing machine. In R. Weber (Ed.) The reporter as artist: A look at the new journalism controversy (pp. 223-233) New York: Hastings House.
Mar, R. A., Kelley, W. M., Heatherton, T. F., & Macrae, C. N. (2007). Detecting agency from the biological motion of veridical vs. animated agents. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience 2 (3), pp. 199-207. DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsm011
Markel, L. (1972). So what’s new? Bulletin of the American Society of Newspaper Editors January, 1, pp. 7-9.
Nietzsche, F. (1873/1964). On truth and falsity in their ultramoral sense. In O. Levy (Ed.) The Complete Works of Friedrich Nietzsche. Vol. 2 Early Greek Philosophy and Other Essays. Trans. M. Mugge (pp. 171-192) New York: Russell & Russell.
Passos, M. Y. Nering, E.M., & de Carvalho, J. M. (2010). The Chudnovsky case: how literary journalism can open the “black box” of science. Literary Journalism Studies 2(2), pp. 27-45.
Poovey, M. (1998). A history of the modern fact. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. DOI: 10.7208/chicago/9780226675183.001.0001
Schaeffer, J-M. (2012; revised 2013). Fictional vs. factual narration. The living handbook of narratology. Hamburg, Germany: The Interdisciplinary Center for Narratology. Recuperado de http://www.lhn.uni-hamburg.de/article/fictional-vs-factual-narration#Goldman1995. DOI: 10.1515/9783110316469.179.
Scholes, R. (1981). Language, narrative, and anti-narrative. In W. J. T. Mitchell (Ed.), On Narrative (pp. 200-2008). Chicago: University of Chicago Press. DOI: 10.1086/448096
Shklovsky, V. (1965). Art as technique. In L. T. Lemon & M. J. Reis (Eds.) Russian formalist criticism: Four essays (pp. 3-24) Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
Wolfe, T. (1973). The new journalism. In T. Wolfe & E. E. Johnson (Eds.) The new journalism (pp.15-68). New York: Harper and Row.
Copyright for articles published in this journal is retained by the authors, with first publication rights granted to the journal. By virtue of their appearance in this open access journal, articles are free to use, with proper attribution, in educational and other non-commercial settings.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.