Resumen
The agenda-setting theory is one of the powerful study fields in communication research. Nevertheless, it is not a settled theory. Recent studies based on big data indicate seemingly contradictory results. While some findings reinforce McCombs and Shaw’s original model (i.e. the media set the public agenda), others demonstrate great power of social media to set media’s agenda, what is usually described as reverse agenda-setting. This article – based on an interactional model of agenda setting building – indicates how such results are actually consistent with each other. They reveal a complex multidirectional (and to some extent) unpredictable network of interactions that shape the public debate, which is based on different kinds of agenda (thematic or factual) and time lengths (short, medium or long terms).Citas
BARROS FILHO, Clóvis; PRAÇA, Sérgio. Agenda setting, newsmaking e a espiral do silêncio [Agenda-setting, newsmaking and spiral of silence]. In: CITELLI, Adilson et AL (Eds..). Dicionário de Comunicação: escolas, teorias e autores [Communication Dictionary: schools of thought, theories, and authors]. São Paulo: Editora Contexto, 2014, pp. 25-35.
BRAGA, José Luiz. A sociedade enfrenta sua mídia – dispositivos sociais de crítica midiática [Society confronting its media: social mechanisms of media criticism]. São Paulo: Paulus, 2006.
BROSIUS, H. B.; KEPPLINGER, H. M. The agenda-setting function of television news. Communication Research, v.17, n.2, pp.183–211, 1990.
BROSIUS, H. B.; WEIMANN, G. Who Sets the Agenda Agenda-Setting as a Two-Step Flow. Communication Research, v.23, n.5, pp.561-580, 1996.
BRUM, Juliana. A hipótese do agenda setting: estudos e perspectivas [Agenda-setting hypothesis: studies and perspectives]. Razón Y Palabra, n. 35, 2003. Available in: http://www.razonypalabra.org.mx/anteriores/n35/jbrum.html. Access on: Jul. 26 2016.
CASTRO, Davi. Agenda-setting e Internet: tendências e perspectivas de pesquisa [Agenda-setting and internet: trends and research perspectives]. 2014. Master Thesis (Master in Communication)- Graduation Program in Communication . Brasília, Universidade de Brasília, 2014.
CERVI, Emerson Urizzi; MASSUCHIN, Michele Goulart; TAVARES, Camila Quesada. Agenda da mídia, dos políticos e do público na campanha eleitoral de 2010 [Agendas of media, politicians, and the public in the 2010 electoral campaign]. Revista Debates, v. 6, n. 1, pp. 237, 2012.
CHA, M.; HADDADI, H.; BENEVENUTO F.; GUMMADI, P. K. Measuring User Influence in Twitter: The Million Follower Fallacy Proceedings of the fourth international AAAI conference on weblogs and social media, Menlo Park, CA, USA, pp. 10–17. Menlo Park, CA, USA. Available in: http://www.aaai.org/ocs/index.php/ICWSM/ICWSM10/paper/viewFile/1538/. Access on: Jul. 26 2016.
COLEMAN, Renita.; McCOMBS, Maxwell.; SHAW, Donald.; WEAVER, David. Agenda Setting. In: JORGENSEN, Karin Wahl e HANISTSCH, Thomas (Eds.). The handbook of journalism studies. London, New York: Routledege, 2009, pp.147-160.
COLLING, Leandro. Agenda-setting e framing: reafirmando os efeitos limitados. Revista Famecos: mídia, cultura e tecnologia, v. 1, n. 17, pp.88-101, 2006.
EICHHORN, W. Agenda-setting prozesse: Eine theoretische analyse individueller und gesellschaftlicher themenstrukturierung. München [Agenda-setting processes: a theoretical analysis of individual and social thematic structuration], Germany: Fischer, 1996. Available in: https://core.ac.uk/download/files/454/12161958.pdf. Access on: Jul. 26 2016.
EILDERS, Christiane. News factors and news decisions. Theoretical and methodological advances in Germany. Communications, v.31, n.1, pp.5-24, abr. 2006.
FORMIGA, Fábio. A evolução da hipótese de agenda-setting [Evolution of agenda-setting hypothesis]. 2006. Master Dissertation (Master in Communication) – Graduation Program in Communication. Brasília, Universidade de Brasília, 2006. Available in: http://repositorio.unb.br/bitstream/10482/2257/3/Formiga,%20F.%20A..pdf. Access on: Jul. 26 2016.
FUNKHOUSER, G. R. The issues of the sixties: An exploratory study in the dynamics of public opinion. Public Opinion Quarterly, v.37, n.1, pp.62-75, 1973.
GOMES, W. Audioesfera política e visibilidade pública: os atores políticos no Jornal Nacional [Political audio-sphere and public visibility: politicians in Jornal Nacional]. In: GOMES, Itania M. M.. (Eds.). Televisão e realidade. Salvador: EDUFBA, 2009, pp. 175-222.
GOMES, W. Transformação da política na era da comunicação de massa [Transformation of politics in the mass communication era]. São Paulo: Paulus, 2004.
HABERMAS, Jürgen. Mudança estrutural da esfera pública: investigações quanto a uma categoria da sociedade burguesa [Structural transformation of the public sphere: an inquiry into a category of bourgeois society]. Rio de Janeiro: Tempo Brasileiro, 1984 [orginally published on 1962].
HABERMAS, Jurgen. Comunicação política na sociedade mediática: o impacto da teoria normativa na pesquisa empírica [Political Communication in Media Society: Does Democracy Still Enjoy an Epistemic Dimension? The Impact of Normative Theory on Empirical Research]. Líbero, v. 11, n. 21, pp. 9-22, 2008.
HOHLFELDT, Antonio. Os estudos sobre a hipótese de agendamento [Studies on agenda-setting hypothesis]. Revista Famecos, Porto Alegre, n. 7, p.42-51, 1997.
LESKOVEC, Jure.; BACKSTROM, Lars.; KLEINBERG, Jon. Meme-tracking and the dynamics of the news cycle. In: Proceedings of the 15th ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining. ACM, 2009. pp. 497-506. Available in: http://learning.mpi-sws.org/networks-seminar/papers/kdd09-quotes.pdf. Access on: Jul. 26 2016.
LYCARIÃO, Diógenes.; DOS SANTOS, Marcelo Alves. Bridging semantic and social network analyses: the case of the hashtag# precisamosfalarsobreaborto (we need to talk about abortion) on Twitter. Information, Communication & Society, pp. 1-18, 2016.
MAIA, R. C. M. Atores da sociedade civil e ação coletiva: relações com a comunicação de massa [Civil society actors and collective action: relations with mass media]. Lua Nova, v. 76, pp. 87-118, 2009.
MAIA, Kênia Beatriz Ferreira.; AGNEZ, Luciane Fassarella. O agenda-setting no Brasil: contradições entre o sucesso e os limites epistemológicos [Agenda-setting in Brazil: the contradictions between success and epistemological limits]. E-compós, v. 13, n. 3, pp. 544-552, 2010.
McADAM, D. The framing function of movement tactics: strategic dramaturgy in the american civil rights movement. In: McADAM, D., McCARTHY, J. D. & ZALD, M. N. (Org.) Comparative perspectives on social movements: political opportunities, mobilizing structures and cultural framings. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996. pp.338-355.
McCOMBS, Maxwell E.; SHAW, Donald L. The agenda-setting function of mass media. Public opinion quarterly, v. 36, n. 2, p. 176-187, 1972.
MENDONÇA, R. F. Movimentos Sociais como acontecimentos: linguagem e espaço público [Social movements as events: language and public space]. Lua Nova, v.72, pp.115-142, 2007.
MIGUEL, L. F.; BIROLI, F. Meios de comunicação de massa e eleições no Brasil: da influência simples à interação complexa [Mass media and election in Brazil: from simple influence to complex interaction]. Revista USP, v. 90, pp. 74-83, 2011.
MIGUEL, L. F.; BIROLI, F. Visibilidade na mídia e campo político no Brasil [Media visibility and political field in Brazil]. Dados (Rio de Janeiro. Impresso), v. 53, pp. 695-735, 2010.
NEUMAN, R.W.; GUGGENHEIM, L.; MO JANG, S. E BAE, S.Y. The Dynamics of Public Attention: Agenda-Setting Theory Meets Big Data. Journal of Communication, v. 64, n.2, pp. 193-214, 2014.
PRIMO, Alex Fernando Teixeira. Transformações no jornalismo em rede: sobre pessoas comuns, jornalistas e organizações; blogs, Twitter, Facebook e Flipboard [Transformations in the web journalism: on ordinary citizens, journalists and organizations]. Intexto, n. 25, pp. 144-161, 2011.
SHEHATA, A., e STRÖMBÄCK, J. Not (Yet) a New Era of Minimal Effects A Study of Agenda Setting at the Aggregate and Individual Levels. The International Journal of Press/Politics, v.18, n.2, pp.234-255, 2013.
SILVA, Paulo Sérgio. Agenda-setting e a eleição presidencial de 2002 no Brasil [Agenda-setting and the 2002 presidential election in Brazil]. 2005. PhD Dissertation (PhD in Political Scince). Universidade de São Paulo. Available in: http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8131/tde-27062007-144540/publico/TESE_PAULO_SERGIO_SILVA.pdf. Access on: Jul. 26 2016.
SILVA, J.A.B. A expansão da teoria do agenda-setting em sistemas informativos da Web [Expansion of the agenda-setting theory in information systems on the Web]. Galaxia, n. 28, pp. 262-273, dez. 2014.
XENOS, M.A.; KIM N. New mediated deliberation: Blog and press coverage of the Alito nomination. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, v.13, n.2, pp.485-503, 2008.
YANG, Jaewon.; LESKOVEC, Jure. Patterns of temporal variation in online media. In: Proceedings of the fourth ACM international conference on Web search and data mining. ACM, 2011, pp. 177-186. Available in: http://cs.stanford.edu/people/jure/pubs/memeshapes-wsdm11.pdf. Access on: Jul. 26 2016.
Copyright for articles published in this journal is retained by the authors, with first publication rights granted to the journal. By virtue of their appearance in this open access journal, articles are free to use, with proper attribution, in educational and other non-commercial settings.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.