Resumo
This study consists of understanding how interactions between journalists and marketers occur in the context of two organizations from Belgium and Brazil. We seek to understand what is being negotiated, as well as whether there are differences in their applied strategic approaches. To do this, we conducted a cross-national perspective on participant observation and open interviews for data collection. We describe the elements found in the field and relate these processes using “competency-based” analysis. The results of this approach show that issues such as revenue models, organizational cultures, hierarchical positions, relevant professional skills, and personal motives play an important role in the negotiation processes between journalists and marketers. Also, we observe that gatekeeping practices are – to some extent and in specific cases – shared between journalists and marketers.Este estudo consiste em compreender como as interações entre jornalistas e profissionais do marketing ocorrem no contexto de duas organizações da Bélgica e do Brasil. Nosso objetivo é entender o que está sendo negociado, assim como se existem diferenças nas abordagens estratégicas aplicadas. Para tal, nós conduzimos uma perspectiva transnacional com observação participante e entrevistas abertas para coleta de informações. Nós descrevemos os elementos encontrados no campo e os relacionamos a esses processos usando a análise baseada em competências. Os resultados dessa abordagem mostraram questões tais como modelos de negócios, culturas organizacionais, posições hierárquicas, habilidades profissionais relevantes e motivos pessoais, que desempenham um papel importante nos processos de negociação entre jornalistas e profissionais de marketing. Além disso, notamos que as práticas de gatekeeping são – em certa medida e em casos específicos –, compartilhadas entre jornalistas e profissionais de marketing.
Este estudio consiste en comprender cómo se producen las interacciones entre periodistas y especialistas en marketing en el contexto de dos organizaciones de Bélgica y Brasil. Nuestro objetivo es entender lo que está siendo negociado, y también si existen diferencias en los enfoques estratégicos aplicados. Para ello, conducimos una perspectiva transnacional con observación participante y entrevistas abiertas para la recolección de información. Describimos los elementos encontrados en el campo y los relacionamos con estos procesos usando el análisis “competency-based”. Los resultados de este enfoque mostraron cuestiones tales como modelos de ingresos, culturas organizacionales, posiciones jerárquicas, habilidades profesionales relevantes y motivos personales desempeñan un papel importante en los procesos de negociación entre periodistas y profesionales de marketing. Además, notamos que las prácticas de gatekeeper son, en cierta medida y en casos específicos, compartidas entre periodistas y profesionales de marketing.
Referências
Anciaux, A. (2015). Entre discursos e transformações nos modelos de negócios, o novo lugar do midiático e do jornalismo em um grupo industrial de comunicação canadense. In D. O. Moura, F. H. Pereira & Z. L. Adghirni (Eds.), Mudanças e Permanências do Jornalismo (54-73). Florianópolis: Insular.
Amit, R., & Zott, C. (2012). Creating value through business model innovation. MIT Sloan Management Review, 53(3), 41-49. Retrieved from: https://sloanreview.mit.edu/article/creating-value-through-business-model-innovation/
Barbosa, M. (2007). História cultural da imprensa: Brasil – 1900-2000. Rio de Janeiro: Mauad X.
Barbosa, M. (2013). História da comunicação no Brasil. Petrópolis: Vozes.
Barzilai-Nahon, K. (2008). Toward a theory of network gatekeeping: a framework for exploring information control. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 59(9), 1493-1512. https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.20857
Barzilai-Nahon, K. (2009). Gatekeeping: a critical review. Information Science and Technology, 47(1), 1-79. https://doi.org/10.1002/aris.2009.1440430117
Belair-Gagnon, V., & Holton, A. E. (2018). Boundary Work, Interloper Media, And Analytics in Newsrooms: An analysis of the roles of web analytics companies in news production. Digital Journalism, 6(4), 492–508. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2018.1445001
Bens, (de) E., Raeymaekers, K. (2001), De pers in België. Het verhaal van de Belgische dagbladpers. Gisteren, vandaag en morgen, Tielt: Lannoo.
Bonvin, J. M. (2009). Analyser les formes contemporaines de négociation. La contribution de l'approche par les capacités. Négociations 2, 245-255. https://doi.org/10.3917/neg.012.0245
Broersma, M., & Peters, C. (2017). Towards a functional perspective on journalism’s role and relevance. In C. Peters, & M. Broesma (Eds.), Rethinking Journalism Again. Societal Role and Public Relevance in a Digital Age (188-204). London: Routlege.
Carlson, M. (2015). Metajournalistic discourse and the meanings of journalism: definitional control, boundary work, and legitimation. Communication Theory, 26(4), 349-368. https://doi.org/10.1111/comt.12088
Carpentier, N. (2011). Media and participation: A site of ideological-democratic struggle. Bristol: Intellect.
Charron, J., & De Bonville, J. (2016). Natureza e transformação do jornalismo. Florianópolis: Insular; Brasília, FAC Livros.
Chinula, M. (2018). 7 business models that could save the future of journalism. International Center for Journalists. Retrieved from: https://ijnet.org/en/story/7-business-models-could-save-future-journalism
Couldry, N. (2017). Reconstructing journalism's public rationale. In C. Peters, & M. Broesma (Eds.), Rethinking Journalism Again. Societal Role and Public Relevance in a Digital Age (21-34). Routlege: London.
Domingo, D., & Le Cam, F. (2014). Journalism in dispersion: Exploring the blurring boundaries of newsmaking through a controversy. Digital Journalism, 2 (3), 310-321. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2014.897832
Esser, F. (2013). The emerging paradigm of comparative communication enquiry: advancing cross-national research in times of globalization. International Journal of Communication 7, 113-128. https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-91247
Follett, M. P. (1997). Profeta do gerenciamento. Qualilymark: Rio de Janeiro.
Geertz, C. (1989). A interpretação das culturas. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan.
Grosjean, M., & Mondada, L. (2004). Introduction in la négociation au travail. Lyon: Presses Universitaries.
Guibert, G., Rebillard, F., & Rochelandet, F. (2016) Médias, culture et numérique: approches socioéconomiques. Paris: Armand Colin.
Hubé. N. (2010). La forme, c’est le fond”. La “une” comme outil marketing de “modernisation” de la presse quotidienne. Questions de communication, 17, 253-272. https://doi.org/10.4000/questionsdecommunication.389
Johnson, M. W., Christensen, C. M., & Kagermann, H. (2008). Reinventing your business model. Harvard business review, 86(12). 57-68. Retrieved from: http://radio.shabanali.com/reinventing-your-business-model.pdf
Klein, H. K.; Kleinman, D. L. (2002). The social construction of technology: structural considerations. Science, Technology & Human Values, 27(1). 28-52. https://doi.org/10.1177/2053951718790591
Legavre, J. B. (2011). Entre conflit et coopération. Les journalistes et les communicants comme «associés-rivaux». Communication & Langages, (3). 105-123. https://doi.org/10.4074/S0336150011003097
Lewis, S. C., & Usher, N. (2016). Trading zones, boundary objects and the pursuit of news innovation: a case study of journalists and programmers. Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies, 22(5), 543-560. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354856515623865
Malcorps, S. (2017). L’entreprise de presse et son audience en ligne. Réseaux, (5), 145-173. https://doi.org/10.3917/res.205.0145
Mundschau L. (2005). La presse “écofin” quotidienne belge francophone. Recherches en communication, 23, 167-178. Recuperado de http://sites.uclouvain.be/rec/index.php/rec/article/viewFile/4981/4711
Oliveira, A. L. (2014). A negociação cultural: um novo paradigma para a mediação e a apropriação da cultura escrita. Doctoral dissertation, Escola de Comunicação e Artes: Universidade de São Paulo. Retrieved from: http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/27/27151/tde-16102014-104805/pt-br.php
Ouakrat, A., Beuscart, J. S., & Mellet, K. (2010). Les régies publicitaires de l apresse em ligne. Réseaux, 2 (160-161). 133-161. https://doi.org/10.3917/res.160.0133
Parasie, S., & Dagiral, É. (2013). Des journalistes enfin libérés de leurs sources? Promesse et réalité du “journalisme de données”. Sur le Journalisme, About Journalism, Sobre Jornalismo, 2(1). 53-63. Retrieved from: https://surlejournalisme.com/rev/index.php/slj/article/view/70
Payne, H. J. (2005). Reconceptualizing social skill in organizations: exploring the relationship between communication competence, job performance, and supervisory roles. Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies, 11(2). 63-77. https://doi.org/10.1177/107179190501100207
Picard, R. G. (2006). Les médias au risque du management et du marketing. Le Temps Des Médias, 1(6). 165-174. https://doi.org/10.3917/tdm.006.0165
Raviola, E. (2012). Exploring organizational framings: journalism and business management in newspaper organizations. Information, Comunication & Society, 15 (6). 932-958. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2012.696273
Revers, M. (2014). Journalistic professionalism as performance and boundary work: source relations at the state house. Journalism, 15(1). 37-52. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884913480459
Sacco, V., & Bossio, D. (2017). Don’t tweet this! How journalists and media organizations negociate tensions emerging from the implementation of social media policy in newsrooms. Digital Journalism, 2(5). 177-193. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2016.1155967
Sebenius, J. K. (1992). Negotiation analysis: a characterization and review. Management Science, 1(38). 18-38. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.38.1.18
Shoemaker, P. J.; Vos, T. P. (2011). Teoria do gatekeeping: seleção e construção da notícia. Porto Alegre: penso.
Singer, J. B. (2017). The journalist as entrepreneur. In Peters, C., & Broesma, M. (Eds). Rethinking Journalism Again. Societal Role and Public Relevance in a Digital Age (131-145). London: Routlege.
Sousa, J. P. (2006). Elementos de teoria e pesquisa da comunicação e dos media. Porto: Universidade da Beira Interior.
Souza, V. (2017). Quem é que vai pagar por isso? Um olhar sobre os modelos de negócio no jornalismo em mídias digitais. Revista Alterjor, 8(2), 81-95. Retrieved from: http://www.revistas.usp.br/alterjor/article/view/134479
Steele, P.; Murphy, J.; Russil, R. (1989). It’s a deal: practical negotiation on handbook. England: McGrallhill.
Tandoc Jr, E. C.; Vos, T. P. (2016). The journalist is marketing the news: social media in the gatekeeping process. Journalism Practice, 10(8). 950-966. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2015.1087811
Travancas, I. (2010). Fazendo etnografia no mundo da comunicação. In J. Duarte & A. Barros, A. (Eds.), Métodos e técnicas de pesquisa em comunicação (98-108). São Paulo: Atlas.
Van der Burg, M. (2017). Consolidation of ownership in media industries. Survival strategies of newspaper publishers and regulation in the digital era. Doctoral dissertation, University of Antwerp. Retrieved from: https://repository.uantwerpen.be/desktop/irua
Vieira, K. M., & Ravazzolo, A. (2017). Novos negócios em jornalismo: um cenário de possibilidades. Verso e Reverso, 31(77), 161-171. https://doi.org/10.4013/ver.2017.31.77.06
Vigour, C. (2011). Comparison: a foundational approach in the social sciences. In J. B. Quedraogo & C. Cardoso (Eds.), Readings in methodology: African perspectives (215-246). African Books Collective.
Os direitos autorais dos artigos publicados nesta revista são de propriedade dos autores, com direitos de primeira publicação para o periódico. Em virtude da aparecerem nesta revista de acesso público, os artigos são de uso gratuito, com atribuições próprias, para fins educacionais e não-comerciais.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.